EHD in Illinois– Summer 2024

An adult male white-tail deer with antlers stands at a tree-line. In the background is a grassland.
A table with information about the Illinois Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease suspected cases 2005–2023.

Photos and graphics courtesy of the Illinois Department of Natural Resources.

Each year between August and October, especially during hot and dry summers, landowners, deer hunters and wildlife enthusiasts are encouraged to keep an eye open for signs of an outbreak of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease (EHD) in the local white-tailed deer herd.

In 2023, EHD activity was lower than previous years with a drop in both the number of suspected deer and counties with an observed infected deer. The highest number of reports came from Pike and Tazewell counties. A limited number of reports also came from west central and southern Illinois, resulting in a total of 18 counties, a significant drop from 22 counties in 2022.

EHD is an acute, infectious, and often fatal viral disease of some wild ruminants, including white-tailed deer. Characterized by extensive hemorrhages, this disease has been responsible for significant outbreaks in deer in the northern United States and southern Canada. Signs of EHD appear about seven days after the deer has been bitten and include sluggishness, difficulty breathing, loss of appetite, salivation, and swelling of the head, neck, tongue or eyelids. Affected animals develop a fever, and typically many are found in, or adjacent to, water where they try to reduce their body temperature. Death can come quickly, from 8 to 36 hours after the onset of observable signs, to some infected deer. Other deer may die days or weeks later, and some will completely recover.

A map of the counties of Illinois with counties color coded indicating the 30 reports, 18 counties reported, and 52 deer died of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease.

EHD is observed somewhere in Illinois every year, typically where receding water levels provide the muddy shoreline breeding habitat necessary for the EHD vector, a Culicoides biting gnat. EHD is transmitted when a gnat carrying the virus bites a deer. Outbreaks tend to be localized because environmental and habitat conditions play an important role in producing the right mix of virus, high gnat populations, and susceptible deer. An insect-killing frost typically ends an EHD outbreak.

EHD cannot be transmitted directly from deer to deer and is not considered to be hazardous to humans or pets.

The patchy annual distribution of EHD means that Illinois residents are key to tracking annual outbreaks. Illinois residents and hunters serve as the Illinois Department of Natural Resources’ eyes and ears in monitoring the annual distribution of this disease, as well as the health of the local deer herd.

To learn more about EHD, or report incidences of sick and dead deer, access the online Report Sick or Dead Deer reporting form at White-tailed Deer Illinois. You will be asked to report facts including the county, number, age, sex and specific location of the deer.


Kaleigh Gabriel is a Wildlife Outreach Specialist with Lewis and Clark Community College, working out of the Illinois Department of Natural Resources building to assist the Division of Wildlife Resources. Growing up just between Sangamon and Christian counties, she spent a lot of her time hunting and fishing in Illinois. She received her bachelor’s degree in writing/journalism from Manchester University, Indiana.

Share this Article

Submit a question for the author

Question: La Salle County appeared to then hit hard by EHD this summer. I don’t see it on the map. do you need to update it? I’m sure the conservation department had many reports.

Question: Is there a source to view or call to get current 2024-2025 season EHD reports. I hunt in Whiteside and Carroll county, further north than typical EHD impact, however, the sightings (camera and in person) and the similar reports from other county hunters, when comparing to prior years is significantly lacking, leaving us scratching our heads.



Explore Our Family of Websites

Similar Reads


An orange, black and white butterfly nectars on a pink flower.

A tan, brown, black and white snake basks curled up in a spot of sunlight on the forest floor. In the background is the edge of a rock outcropping.

The Enigmatic Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus)


A blue bird with a reddish bib and chest perches on a tree branch.

A Cohort of Sorts


Two people stand in a boat offshore from Chicago in Lake Michigan. The individuals hold up small net traps to catch crayfish. The Chicago skyline is on the horizon line in the far distance. A bright blue sky is overhead.

Appreciating Crayfish in Illinois


On the edge of a woodland, a gray adult male white-tailed deer with large antlers surveys its surroundings. The woodland is filled with white flowers.

EHD in Illinois—Summer 2025


A close up of a brown and tan cottontail rabbit in short green grass.

Tularemia in Illinois


Two dogs lay down on the edge of a tall-grass prairie. To the right of the two dogs is a toddler exploring.

Tick-borne Diseases Can Affect Humans, Wildlife and Pets


A view of a wetland under a bright blue partly cloudy sky. A beautiful lotus flower is in the foreground. A gray map of the state of Illinois overlays the wetland photo in the top right corner. The gray map has a star in the upper left part of the state.

A group of people stand together on a wooden dock over the shoreline of a freshwater lake. On either side of the dock is a metal boat filled with wooden boxes. In the background is a woodland with a road winding through down to the dock.

Building Better Catfish Habitat One Nest Box at a Time


A brown adult male deer with velvet on its antlers stands in front of a woodland edge.